Thomas Aquinas--Aristotle--Rene Descartes--Epicurus--Martin Heidegger--Thomas Hobbes--David Hume--Immanuel Kant--Soren Kierkegaard--Karl Marx--John Stuart Mill--Friedrich Nietzsche--Plato--Karl Popper--Bertrand Russell--Jean-Paul Sartre--Arthur Schopenhauer--Socrates--Baruch Spinoza--Ludwig Wittgenstein
Thursday, 22 August 2013
Tuesday, 20 August 2013
MORPH THE CAT by Donald Fagen (2006)
This is one super album by the better half of the duo that is (was?) Steely Dan. Everything is there - the brainy cryptic lyrics, the infectious soothing tunes and the immaculate sounds. One of the best albums ever!
It's the culmination of Fagen's trilogy of concept albums about youth (Nightfly 1982), about middle age (Kamakiriad 1993) and this, about old age.
1. "Morph the Cat" – 6:49 - about mind-death brought about by the pervasive brain-washing of modern life.
2. "H Gang" – 5:15 - about the reminiscences of an old band that had long broken up.
3. "What I Do" – 6:01 - about the imaginary dialogue between Fagen and Ray Charles.
4. "Brite Nitegown" – 7:16 - about one's inevitable encounter with the grim reaper.
5. "The Great Pagoda of Funn" – 7:39 - about a pair of lovers trying to shut out the harsh world.
6. "Security Joan" – 6:09 - about a man falling for an airport security guard in the midst of terrorism fears.
7. "The Night Belongs to Mona" – 4:18 - about a suicidal young woman in a highrise apartment in the shadow of 9/11.
8. "Mary Shut the Garden Door" – 6:29 - about the invasion of politics into our private lives.
9. "Morph the Cat (Reprise)" – 2:53 - Fagen urged in his last line: "All watch the skies for Morph the Cat", as he reflected on the the political and cultural tragedies of his country.
Truly, an inspirational album!
This is one super album by the better half of the duo that is (was?) Steely Dan. Everything is there - the brainy cryptic lyrics, the infectious soothing tunes and the immaculate sounds. One of the best albums ever!
It's the culmination of Fagen's trilogy of concept albums about youth (Nightfly 1982), about middle age (Kamakiriad 1993) and this, about old age.
Tracks:
1. "Morph the Cat" – 6:49 - about mind-death brought about by the pervasive brain-washing of modern life.
2. "H Gang" – 5:15 - about the reminiscences of an old band that had long broken up.
3. "What I Do" – 6:01 - about the imaginary dialogue between Fagen and Ray Charles.
4. "Brite Nitegown" – 7:16 - about one's inevitable encounter with the grim reaper.
5. "The Great Pagoda of Funn" – 7:39 - about a pair of lovers trying to shut out the harsh world.
6. "Security Joan" – 6:09 - about a man falling for an airport security guard in the midst of terrorism fears.
7. "The Night Belongs to Mona" – 4:18 - about a suicidal young woman in a highrise apartment in the shadow of 9/11.
8. "Mary Shut the Garden Door" – 6:29 - about the invasion of politics into our private lives.
9. "Morph the Cat (Reprise)" – 2:53 - Fagen urged in his last line: "All watch the skies for Morph the Cat", as he reflected on the the political and cultural tragedies of his country.
Truly, an inspirational album!
Thursday, 15 August 2013
OUR SINGAPORE CONVERSATION'S
FIVE CORE ASPIRATIONS AS A GUIDE FOR FUTURE GOVERNMENT POLICY
A RECONSTRUCTED DECONSTRUCTION
Conceived and introduced during the National Day Rally in August 2012, Our Singapore Conversation was launched inviting all Singaporeans to come forward to share their hopes and aspirations for Singapore's future. By the time of its recent conclusion, the exercise had involved over 47,000 Singaporeans who participated in over 660 dialogue sessions held in many parts of the country.
Initially, twelve common perspectives were discerned as follows:
1. A Society with Diverse Definitions of Success
2. A Singapore with a more Fulfilling Pace of Life
3. A Singapore with a Strong and Vibrant Economy
4. A Society with Strong Families
5. A Singapore that is Affordable to Live in
6. A Society where Everyone can Age with Dignity
7. A Society that Takes Care of the Disadvantaged
8. A Society with a Greater Sense of Togetherness
9. A Singapore for Singaporeans
10. A Society where Government and the People have a more Collaborative Relationship
11. A Society Anchored on Values
12. A Singapore with a Competent and Trustworthy Government
In the end, five core aspirations emerged:
1. Opportunities - in a competitive economy,
2. Assurance - that housing and affordable health care will always be within reach,
3. Purpose - in lives that celebrate achievements beyond the economic, and that value shared memories and heritage spaces,
4. Spirit - in communities that organize ground-up initiatives and take care of their most disadvantaged,
5. Trust - between the government and the people, as well as among Singaporeans.
Deconstruction
5 pertinent questions:
1. Are these 5 core aspirations truly representative of the desires of Singaporeans?
2. Is there a difference between desires and needs?
3. Should the resources of our country be harnessed according to desires or to needs?
4. Should government policy be guided by statistically popular choices or should it be based on sensible and prudent judgement?
5. Are these merely common aspirations held by people everywhere and we would have written them out simply using common sense without having to conduct such a tedious exercise?
Reconstruction
If we examine and reflect on the 5 core aspirations, it will dawn on us that they are somehow strangely familiar. Clue: any student of psychology would have an insightful recollection like me.
The connection that I see is produced in the diagram below:
Yes, uncannily, our 5 core aspirations corresponded exactly with Abraham Maslow's 1943 Hierarchy of Needs! Maslow's hierarchy of self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, security and physiological needs are related to our own core aspirations of opportunities, trust, purpose, spirit and assurance respectively.
This realization leads to 5 constructive conclusions:
1. Singaporeans are a sensible and rational bunch of people. Their needs and desires are one and the same, in so far as their needs lead to corresponding desires.
2. Singaporeans are not that unique because they have the same needs as all humans everywhere. Therefore, the lessons of this exercise are not only for local consumption, but they can act as a template for universal application.
3. Rather than a pointless exercise in reinventing the wheel, the Conversation exercise self-validates its own findings by empirically showing that its conclusions are consistent with established psychological theory.
4. Yes, our government policy should be guided by our core aspirations.
5. If so, our efforts in trying to fulfill our 5 core aspirations will also have a certain order and hierarchy. We now realize that our first priority should be to provide affordable health care and housing. Only when such basic needs are satisfied can we hope for people to spontaneously care for each other and develop a sense of common identity and destiny. A common Singaporean identity will inspire Singaporeans to respect each other as equals and collaborate in their nation-building project. Mutual respect is the precursor to the building of trust. And only with trust can people start believing that their fellow countrymen are not their cut-throat competitors, but they are friends who will support them in trying to be the best that they can be!
FIVE CORE ASPIRATIONS AS A GUIDE FOR FUTURE GOVERNMENT POLICY
A RECONSTRUCTED DECONSTRUCTION
Conceived and introduced during the National Day Rally in August 2012, Our Singapore Conversation was launched inviting all Singaporeans to come forward to share their hopes and aspirations for Singapore's future. By the time of its recent conclusion, the exercise had involved over 47,000 Singaporeans who participated in over 660 dialogue sessions held in many parts of the country.
Initially, twelve common perspectives were discerned as follows:
1. A Society with Diverse Definitions of Success
2. A Singapore with a more Fulfilling Pace of Life
3. A Singapore with a Strong and Vibrant Economy
4. A Society with Strong Families
5. A Singapore that is Affordable to Live in
6. A Society where Everyone can Age with Dignity
7. A Society that Takes Care of the Disadvantaged
8. A Society with a Greater Sense of Togetherness
9. A Singapore for Singaporeans
10. A Society where Government and the People have a more Collaborative Relationship
11. A Society Anchored on Values
12. A Singapore with a Competent and Trustworthy Government
In the end, five core aspirations emerged:
1. Opportunities - in a competitive economy,
2. Assurance - that housing and affordable health care will always be within reach,
3. Purpose - in lives that celebrate achievements beyond the economic, and that value shared memories and heritage spaces,
4. Spirit - in communities that organize ground-up initiatives and take care of their most disadvantaged,
5. Trust - between the government and the people, as well as among Singaporeans.
Deconstruction
5 pertinent questions:
1. Are these 5 core aspirations truly representative of the desires of Singaporeans?
2. Is there a difference between desires and needs?
3. Should the resources of our country be harnessed according to desires or to needs?
4. Should government policy be guided by statistically popular choices or should it be based on sensible and prudent judgement?
5. Are these merely common aspirations held by people everywhere and we would have written them out simply using common sense without having to conduct such a tedious exercise?
Reconstruction
If we examine and reflect on the 5 core aspirations, it will dawn on us that they are somehow strangely familiar. Clue: any student of psychology would have an insightful recollection like me.
The connection that I see is produced in the diagram below:
Yes, uncannily, our 5 core aspirations corresponded exactly with Abraham Maslow's 1943 Hierarchy of Needs! Maslow's hierarchy of self-actualization, esteem, belongingness, security and physiological needs are related to our own core aspirations of opportunities, trust, purpose, spirit and assurance respectively.
This realization leads to 5 constructive conclusions:
1. Singaporeans are a sensible and rational bunch of people. Their needs and desires are one and the same, in so far as their needs lead to corresponding desires.
2. Singaporeans are not that unique because they have the same needs as all humans everywhere. Therefore, the lessons of this exercise are not only for local consumption, but they can act as a template for universal application.
3. Rather than a pointless exercise in reinventing the wheel, the Conversation exercise self-validates its own findings by empirically showing that its conclusions are consistent with established psychological theory.
4. Yes, our government policy should be guided by our core aspirations.
5. If so, our efforts in trying to fulfill our 5 core aspirations will also have a certain order and hierarchy. We now realize that our first priority should be to provide affordable health care and housing. Only when such basic needs are satisfied can we hope for people to spontaneously care for each other and develop a sense of common identity and destiny. A common Singaporean identity will inspire Singaporeans to respect each other as equals and collaborate in their nation-building project. Mutual respect is the precursor to the building of trust. And only with trust can people start believing that their fellow countrymen are not their cut-throat competitors, but they are friends who will support them in trying to be the best that they can be!
Tuesday, 30 July 2013
POST-LENNON IMAGININGS
A poetic tribute to Singapore on her 48th birthday on 9th August 2013
Imagine that there are no leaders,
You and me, our own teachers.
No soldiers, police or government;
Every heart in silent agreement.
Simple rules color our freedom,
Floating in a flat magical kingdom,
No central body for coordination.
A crown on every head and station.
The year is two thousand and fifty,
Having complexity upon uncertainty,
Was it accident or was it blunder,
The melting away of the old order?
Decisions based on acting and reacting,
No more divisive opinion or feeling.
Cooperation in competition, our edge,
A celebrated diversity of knowledge.
Problem-solving, we distribute,
To each individual, it's a tribute.
Allocating resources by efficiency,
No matter change or emergency.
Small bits of effort, single outcome,
A joint project, society has become.
Disagreement, compromise, domination?
We'll take consensus and integration.
O, how this imagination has grown.
Maybe, this cool reality is overblown.
If we could awaken from this dream,
We'll realize that old and new remain a team!
A poetic tribute to Singapore on her 48th birthday on 9th August 2013
Imagine that there are no leaders,
You and me, our own teachers.
No soldiers, police or government;
Every heart in silent agreement.
Simple rules color our freedom,
Floating in a flat magical kingdom,
No central body for coordination.
A crown on every head and station.
The year is two thousand and fifty,
Having complexity upon uncertainty,
Was it accident or was it blunder,
The melting away of the old order?
Decisions based on acting and reacting,
No more divisive opinion or feeling.
Cooperation in competition, our edge,
A celebrated diversity of knowledge.
Problem-solving, we distribute,
To each individual, it's a tribute.
Allocating resources by efficiency,
No matter change or emergency.
No longer the old argument so perpetual,
Between community and individual.
We adapt and give our attention,
In self-organization and collaboration.
Small bits of effort, single outcome,
A joint project, society has become.
Disagreement, compromise, domination?
We'll take consensus and integration.
O, how this imagination has grown.
Maybe, this cool reality is overblown.
If we could awaken from this dream,
We'll realize that old and new remain a team!
Wednesday, 24 July 2013
WORLD DILIGENCE DAY 24/7
I hereby declare today, 24th July, as World Diligence Day. This is a tribute to all the hardworking people of the world who work long hours every week to better the lot of their families and themselves. They are the true heroes because they are the ones who keep the world going!
In this globalized world, some may work 24/7, that is, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! Hence, today 24th July 2013 is designated as the first World Diligence Day!
According to a report in the Singapore Business Review on 18 Oct 2012, among 8 economic powers, in terms of average weekly working hours, Singapore topped the chart:
Countries/Average weekly working hours in 2011
Singapore 46.0
Hong Kong 45.0
South Korea 44.0
Taiwan 43.5
Japan 40.0
USA 38.0
UK 36.5
Australia 35.0
Personally, I work about 50 hours a week.
I hereby declare today, 24th July, as World Diligence Day. This is a tribute to all the hardworking people of the world who work long hours every week to better the lot of their families and themselves. They are the true heroes because they are the ones who keep the world going!
In this globalized world, some may work 24/7, that is, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week! Hence, today 24th July 2013 is designated as the first World Diligence Day!
According to a report in the Singapore Business Review on 18 Oct 2012, among 8 economic powers, in terms of average weekly working hours, Singapore topped the chart:
Countries/Average weekly working hours in 2011
Singapore 46.0
Hong Kong 45.0
South Korea 44.0
Taiwan 43.5
Japan 40.0
USA 38.0
UK 36.5
Australia 35.0
Personally, I work about 50 hours a week.
Thursday, 18 July 2013
BOOK SUMMARY
WINNING WITHOUT LOSING (2013) by Martin Bjergegaard & Jordan Milne
Martin Bjergegaard is one of the founders of Rainmaking, an enterprise started in 2006 with 3 other friends with the purpose of creating great highly-successful companies without having to sacrifice fun, happiness and friends. His successful experience in Rainmaking and his extensive interviews with 25 business role models from all over the world have resulted in this book written with fellow entrepreneur and writer Jordan Milne which promises to teach us how to achieve success without sacrifice.
They wanted to bust the following myths regarding hard work and sacrifice:
1. The harder you work, the more money you make.
2. Success comes from sacrifice.
3. It is hard to be successful.
4. You need to choose between being a family person or a business person.
5. Balance is for retirement or after the 'big exit'.
6. There is no time to do it all.
7. Pushing yourself is necessary.
8. The winner is the one who works the hardest.
9. The more hours you work, the more impact you will have.
10. Being an entrepreneur means no holiday for several years.
11. Family and friends are for Sundays.
Their distillation of unique methods, mind-sets and secrets has been summarized as 66 strategies in the book as follows:
EFFICIENCY BOOSTERS
1. Gather a team of great co-founders.
2. Don't sit around and wait. Get out there and start something.
3. Pick a timely project.
4. Make it a habit to test everything on a small scale.
5. Put yourself in a high-energy, inspiring environment with other entrepreneurs.
6. Always look for ways to stand out.
7. Allow the new IT tools and technologies to do some of the work for you.
8. Make sure you spend enough time with your team.
9. Hook up with people who share your passion.
10. Listen intently to honestly understand the other's perspective.
11. Apply the Lean approach (optimized routine) to your daily activities.
12. Relax and enjoy the process.
13. Dare to follow your energy.
14. Meditate for 12 minutes a day
15. Make being fully rested a key priority.
NEW WAYS OF DOING OLD THINGS
16. Take walking, running or biking meetings.
17. Turn your 'To Do' list into a 'Today' list.
18. Build your own circle of knowledge.
19. Consciously insert mind-freeing moments throughout your day.
20. Don't try to get everything done, just the few things that matter.
TIME SAVERS
21. Choose the right project.
22. Avoid people who drain your energy.
23. If you have to get from A to B, be smart about it.
24. Deal with conflicts in person.
25. Don't delay tough decisions.
26. Clear your agenda of activities that don't add value to your life.
27. Don't let the details keep you from seeing the big picture.
28. Don't deal with, or be, an asshole.
29. Relax and let others contribute.
30. Get to the point.
31. Take every opportunity to get people excited about your project.
32. Be smart about raising money.
33. Don't be a slave to your emails.
34. Avoid unnecessary conflicts.
EMPOWERING THOUGHTS FOR TOUGH TIMES
35. Trouble = challenges = growth = happiness.
36. Each setback is a new opportunity.
37. Regardless of your current situation, winning without losing is possible for you.
38. It is all about making many attempts (and persevering on the right ones).
39. People older (and younger) than you are starting up their first business today.
DESIGN ELEMENTS FOR A BALANCED LIFE
40. Pick a business that's suitable for balance.
41. Figure out how to acquire the skills to be prepared for your next venture.
42. Split up and protect your day, don't let work take it all over.
43. Think ahead to secure your future balance.
44. Always have access to fresh air.
45. Live somewhere that excites you.
46. Make sure you have enough people o pick from to be able to recruit your perfect co-founders.
47. Choose co-founders you genuinely like.
48. Make sure you (and your co-founders) are all in.
49. Make a simple product, a simple company and think simple thoughts.
LIFE QUALITY ENHANCERS
50. Do what you always wanted to do right now.
51. Notice and appreciate all that went well today.
52. Stick up for your balance.
53. Live life and get a new perspective.
54. Create flow by making shared goals and challenges in your private life.
55. Make a gift or a donation every week.
56. Use your self-disciple to focus on the tasks you are passionate about.
57. Make sure your whole team has the opportunity for balance.
58. Find your sense of self-worth from more sources than just your business.
59. Focus first on your most important friends.
60. Take care of yourself first.
STEPS TO TAKE THIS WEEK
61. Work one hour, and just one hour, at full intensity.
62. Seize the next chance you get for an opportunistic mini-workout.
63. Start tomorrow by doing the thing that has been hanging over your head all week.
64. Spend 2 hours thinking about your purpose in life.
65. Write down what you waste your precious time doing that doesn't significantly add to either your performance or your happiness.
66. Take the day off! Celebrate, digest the Winning Without Losing message and rejuvenate!
Perhaps, by reading this book, we can end our search for the ever-elusive work-life balance!
WINNING WITHOUT LOSING (2013) by Martin Bjergegaard & Jordan Milne
Martin Bjergegaard is one of the founders of Rainmaking, an enterprise started in 2006 with 3 other friends with the purpose of creating great highly-successful companies without having to sacrifice fun, happiness and friends. His successful experience in Rainmaking and his extensive interviews with 25 business role models from all over the world have resulted in this book written with fellow entrepreneur and writer Jordan Milne which promises to teach us how to achieve success without sacrifice.
They wanted to bust the following myths regarding hard work and sacrifice:
1. The harder you work, the more money you make.
2. Success comes from sacrifice.
3. It is hard to be successful.
4. You need to choose between being a family person or a business person.
5. Balance is for retirement or after the 'big exit'.
6. There is no time to do it all.
7. Pushing yourself is necessary.
8. The winner is the one who works the hardest.
9. The more hours you work, the more impact you will have.
10. Being an entrepreneur means no holiday for several years.
11. Family and friends are for Sundays.
Their distillation of unique methods, mind-sets and secrets has been summarized as 66 strategies in the book as follows:
EFFICIENCY BOOSTERS
1. Gather a team of great co-founders.
2. Don't sit around and wait. Get out there and start something.
3. Pick a timely project.
4. Make it a habit to test everything on a small scale.
5. Put yourself in a high-energy, inspiring environment with other entrepreneurs.
6. Always look for ways to stand out.
7. Allow the new IT tools and technologies to do some of the work for you.
8. Make sure you spend enough time with your team.
9. Hook up with people who share your passion.
10. Listen intently to honestly understand the other's perspective.
11. Apply the Lean approach (optimized routine) to your daily activities.
12. Relax and enjoy the process.
13. Dare to follow your energy.
14. Meditate for 12 minutes a day
15. Make being fully rested a key priority.
NEW WAYS OF DOING OLD THINGS
16. Take walking, running or biking meetings.
17. Turn your 'To Do' list into a 'Today' list.
18. Build your own circle of knowledge.
19. Consciously insert mind-freeing moments throughout your day.
20. Don't try to get everything done, just the few things that matter.
TIME SAVERS
21. Choose the right project.
22. Avoid people who drain your energy.
23. If you have to get from A to B, be smart about it.
24. Deal with conflicts in person.
25. Don't delay tough decisions.
26. Clear your agenda of activities that don't add value to your life.
27. Don't let the details keep you from seeing the big picture.
28. Don't deal with, or be, an asshole.
29. Relax and let others contribute.
30. Get to the point.
31. Take every opportunity to get people excited about your project.
32. Be smart about raising money.
33. Don't be a slave to your emails.
34. Avoid unnecessary conflicts.
EMPOWERING THOUGHTS FOR TOUGH TIMES
35. Trouble = challenges = growth = happiness.
36. Each setback is a new opportunity.
37. Regardless of your current situation, winning without losing is possible for you.
38. It is all about making many attempts (and persevering on the right ones).
39. People older (and younger) than you are starting up their first business today.
DESIGN ELEMENTS FOR A BALANCED LIFE
40. Pick a business that's suitable for balance.
41. Figure out how to acquire the skills to be prepared for your next venture.
42. Split up and protect your day, don't let work take it all over.
43. Think ahead to secure your future balance.
44. Always have access to fresh air.
45. Live somewhere that excites you.
46. Make sure you have enough people o pick from to be able to recruit your perfect co-founders.
47. Choose co-founders you genuinely like.
48. Make sure you (and your co-founders) are all in.
49. Make a simple product, a simple company and think simple thoughts.
LIFE QUALITY ENHANCERS
50. Do what you always wanted to do right now.
51. Notice and appreciate all that went well today.
52. Stick up for your balance.
53. Live life and get a new perspective.
54. Create flow by making shared goals and challenges in your private life.
55. Make a gift or a donation every week.
56. Use your self-disciple to focus on the tasks you are passionate about.
57. Make sure your whole team has the opportunity for balance.
58. Find your sense of self-worth from more sources than just your business.
59. Focus first on your most important friends.
60. Take care of yourself first.
STEPS TO TAKE THIS WEEK
61. Work one hour, and just one hour, at full intensity.
62. Seize the next chance you get for an opportunistic mini-workout.
63. Start tomorrow by doing the thing that has been hanging over your head all week.
64. Spend 2 hours thinking about your purpose in life.
65. Write down what you waste your precious time doing that doesn't significantly add to either your performance or your happiness.
66. Take the day off! Celebrate, digest the Winning Without Losing message and rejuvenate!
Perhaps, by reading this book, we can end our search for the ever-elusive work-life balance!
Sunday, 16 June 2013
DANIEL'S TWELVE COMMANDMENTS OF
COURTESY AND CIVILITY
1. Be ready to say "please", "thank you", "excuse me" or "sorry".
2. Listen attentively when someone is speaking and never interrupt.
3. Never lose your temper.
4. Respect the views of others.
5. Do not invade the privacy of others.
6. Be helpful by holding the door or the lift button, helping the infirm across the road, giving up your seat to the pregnant and the elderly and assisting the lost with directions and advice.
7. Never jump queue.
8. Do not leave a table dirty or uncleared after your meal.
9. Do not be distracted by electronic devices in the company of others.
10. Do not speak too loudly in public.
11. Be a gracious loser and a generous winner.
12. Do not take anything more than what you need.
Wednesday, 12 June 2013
THOUGHT OF THE DAY
THE CASE OF EDWARD SNOWDEN
Does the US Government have the legal or moral authority to secretly conduct a worldwide invasion of privacy in the name of national security? Mr Edward Snowden thinks not and bravely sticks his neck out. How should we think and what should we do?
Is Mr Snowdon right to release classified secret Government documents to support his exposé?
Obviously, the US Government is wrong to spy on its own citizens if it is against its Constitution. Wholesale and indiscriminate spying on other individuals living outside the USA is also unacceptable because they are not under US jurisdiction. That's the legal position. However, if Obama were to claim that he is using all available means to safeguard his country against threats of terrorism, then it would be hard to deny him his right to self-defense. But, in this case, spying should be more targeted and not applied so widely and randomly.
Mr Snowdon is also wrong because he betrayed the trust of his Government by releasing secret classified documents to the world public without permission. If his conscience does not allow him to carry out his work, he should resign from his post. Subsequently, he can take up the cause against the abuse of spying services in his personal capacity, but without using any of the privileged information that he was entitled when he was contracted to the US Defence Dept.
THE CASE OF EDWARD SNOWDEN
Does the US Government have the legal or moral authority to secretly conduct a worldwide invasion of privacy in the name of national security? Mr Edward Snowden thinks not and bravely sticks his neck out. How should we think and what should we do?
Is Mr Snowdon right to release classified secret Government documents to support his exposé?
Obviously, the US Government is wrong to spy on its own citizens if it is against its Constitution. Wholesale and indiscriminate spying on other individuals living outside the USA is also unacceptable because they are not under US jurisdiction. That's the legal position. However, if Obama were to claim that he is using all available means to safeguard his country against threats of terrorism, then it would be hard to deny him his right to self-defense. But, in this case, spying should be more targeted and not applied so widely and randomly.
Mr Snowdon is also wrong because he betrayed the trust of his Government by releasing secret classified documents to the world public without permission. If his conscience does not allow him to carry out his work, he should resign from his post. Subsequently, he can take up the cause against the abuse of spying services in his personal capacity, but without using any of the privileged information that he was entitled when he was contracted to the US Defence Dept.
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